ArticleBMJ open2026
Prevalence and determinants of inadequate dietary diversity among 5-9 years old children in Bangladesh: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo assess the inadequate dietary diversity (IDD) and factors associated with it among 5-9 years old children in Bangladesh.
designThe study was based on cross-sectional data from the second wave of a longitudinal food security and nutrition surveillance in 2023.
settingData were collected from 90 clusters (64 rural, 16 non-slum urban and 10 slums) in all 8 administrative divisions of Bangladesh.
participantsA total of 5764 (2850 boys and 2914 girls) children were included in the study. Information was collected from their mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was IDD. Dietary data were collected using a list-based (24 food categories) recall method, which was further grouped into 10 food groups. IDD was defined as consumption of fewer than 5 food groups out of 10.
resultsMore than half of the children (52.7%) had IDD (<5 recommended food groups), with slightly higher prevalence among boys (55.0%) than girls (53.2%). Poor parental education (e.g., grade 0-4 (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR): 1.22 for mother, 1.15 for father), grade 5-9 (APR: 1.16 for mother)), unimproved sanitation (APR: 1.07), mild food insecurity (APR: 1.09), severe food insecurity (APR: 1.12) and lower household wealth (APR: 1.19 for the poorest, 1.18 for the poorer), increased the prevalence of IDD. However, children aged 8-9 years (APR: 0.94) and being overweight or obese (APR: 0.82) had a decreased prevalence of IDD compared with their counterparts.
conclusionsTo address IDD among children, multisectoral interventions should be targeted linking improving household wealth and sanitation, reducing food insecurity and advancing parental education.
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