ArticleScience advances2026
Ultrasound-enhanced exosome secretion and antibody-free SERS profiling for Alzheimer's disease via iPSC-derived cortical organoids.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Exosomes offer a promising vehicle for noninvasive diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases by carrying multiple biomarkers across the blood-brain barrier. However, traditional exosome analysis often misses subtle genotype-specific variations because of weak signals from a few exosomes, reliance on markers, and limited understanding of disease signatures. Here, we present a sound way to understand Alzheimer's disease through label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) profiling of cortical organoid-derived exosomes. Initially, we enhanced exosomal SERS signal levels by optimizing ultrasound parameters to increase exosome secretion from cortical organoids. Using this strategy, we distinguished apolipoprotein E genotype-dependent differences in intact exosomal fingerprints. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that ultrasound stimulation increased exosome secretion and up-regulated exosome-related genes functionally linked to Alzheimer's pathology. Ultrasound-based stimulation and label-free exosome profiling reveal genotype-specific pathologies, providing a precision-diagnostic framework for Alzheimer's disease.
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