ArticleInfectious disease reports2026
Re-Emergence of the Great Mimicker: Congenital Syphilis in a Low Prevalence Setting.
Article in Infectious disease reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCongenital syphilis remains a significant cause of adverse birth outcomes despite effective screening and treatment. Data on its epidemiology in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aims to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of congenital syphilis at a tertiary pediatric center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to identify gaps in antenatal care and prevention.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of all infants diagnosed with congenital syphilis (aged 0-24 months) and pregnant women with positive syphilis serology who presented to our center between January 2021 and December 2025. Cases were classified as highly probable, possible, less likely, or unlikely based on Center for Disease Control (CDC) and European criteria. Incidence rates were calculated per 1000 live births.
resultsOver the five-year study period, there were 11,722 live births and 12 cases of probable or possible congenital syphilis, yielding an incidence rate of 1 per 1000 live births. An additional two cases were classified as less likely due to successful prevention of mother-to-child transmission. The majority of cases (
conclusionsWe report congenital syphilis incidence rates that align with the global upward trend. We also identified multiple missed opportunities for screening and early treatment-findings that can inform future guidelines and enhance awareness among healthcare providers and the public.
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