ArticleEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.)2026
Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) by Three Renal Transporters: Implications for PFAS Bioaccumulation Mechanisms.
Article in Environment & health (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The long biological half-lives of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans have been linked to interactions with renal transport proteins and polypeptides. However, only a limited number of kidney transporters have been studied for their ability to transport specific PFAS. Moreover, few studies have investigated whether PFAS alternatives serve as substrates for these transporters. In this study, we focused on one renal influx transporter, organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and two efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein (P-g) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)) involved in PFAS excretion. We evaluated two well-studied PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), along with two current substitutes. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), the major component of the PFOA alternative GenX, was not transported by any of the studied renal transporters. In contrast, hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA), a minor component of GenX, as well as PFOA itself, were taken up by all studied transporters. Both PFOS and its tested alternative (F53B), including both major and minor components, were substrates of all tested renal transporters, with PFOS and F53B showing relatively higher transport activity. BCRP- and P-gp-mediated transport of five PFAS underwent a saturable process with Michaelis constant (
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