ArticleCureus2026
Secondary Syphilis Masquerading as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Clinicopathologic Diagnostic Challenge.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Secondary syphilis is known as the "Great Imitator" because of its diverse clinical manifestations, which may resemble infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Although it may mimic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), simultaneous clinical, serologic, and histopathologic features strongly suggestive of SLE are uncommon and can result in diagnostic error. We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with a three-month history of bilateral conjunctival injection, symmetrical polyarthralgia, diffuse alopecia, oral ulceration, and a generalized pruritic erythematous maculopapular eruption. Initial investigations revealed positive antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), hypocomplementemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and a skin biopsy favoring acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE), leading to a provisional diagnosis of SLE. Despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, and corticosteroids, his cutaneous disease persisted. Subsequent testing demonstrated strongly reactive rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and
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