Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42774735›Full record

ArticleNAM journal2026

The ethical and social significance of NAM terminology and definitions.

Kevin C Elliott, Robyn L Tanguay

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NAM journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kevin C ElliottDepartment of Philosophy, Department of Community Sustainability, and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Robyn L TanguaySinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.

Funding

Discovering Chemical Activity Networks-Predicting Bioactivity Based on StructureR35ES031709 · NIEHS · OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Robyn L Tanguay · 2021 to 2026
$5.2M
NAMs-Decisions Center: New Approach Methods for Decisions on Industrial and Consumer-Use ChemicalsUM1TR006055 · NCATS · TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH · PI Ivan Rusyn · 2026 to 2026
$3.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR006055NIEHS NIH HHS R35 ES031709
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Definitions for new approach methodologies (NAMs) are highly varied. We argue that current efforts to clarify and harmonize these definitions have paid insufficient attention to their ethical and social significance. Because the choice of definitions influences which methods receive the most policy attention and funding, these definitions are ethically and socially value-laden. To address this issue, we propose three strategies: (1) employing broad definitions that are compatible with multiple values in contexts where the most important values have not been specified; (2) promoting deliberation among stakeholders in an effort to clarify which values should guide future NAM definitions; and (3) aligning NAM definitions with the values of particular initiatives and organizations when their values are clear.

Identifiers

PMID42774735
PMCPMC13594609

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.