ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes2026
Gender-Specific Pathways Linking Unemployment and Depression: A Cross-National Panel Study, 2010-2023.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To examine whether population-level associations between national unemployment and depression burden differ for women and men across 18 major global economies from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2023. Patients and Methods: This cross-national longitudinal panel study analyzed gender-disaggregated, country-level annual data across predefined valid observation years (2010, 2013, and from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023) from 18 Group of twenty nations. Age-standardized depression disability-adjusted life year rates (Global Burden of Disease 2021) served as the primary outcome; international labor organization standardized 25-64-year gender-specific unemployment rates were the exposure. Linear mixed-effects models with random country and year intercepts were specified as the primary analytic framework, adjusted for log-transformed per capita gross domestic product, Gini coefficient, and annual health expenditure (% gross domestic product). Country-level Pearson correlations and multi-dimensional sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess cross-national heterogeneity and result robustness. Results: The final analytic dataset contained 282 valid country-year-gender complete observations. Each 1 percentage-point national unemployment rise corresponded to a statistically significant 16.04 (95% CI, 8.89-23.19) disability-adjusted life year per 100,000 increases in female depression burden ( Conclusion: Macroeconomic unemployment growth generates disproportionately larger population-level depression burden among women across major global economies. Public health surveillance, labor stabilization policies, and clinical mental health intervention frameworks must integrate gender-sensitive design to mitigate female mental health risks during economic downturns.
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