Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42774463›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

COVID-19 vaccination in relation to immune response and physical activity levels.

Ioanna Voulgaridi, Petros C Dinas, Zacharoula Bogogiannidou, Katerina Dadouli, Athanasios G Lianos, Nikolas Papageorgiou, Dimitrios Georgiou, Nikolaos Zigas, Eleni Bouloumpasi, Evangelia Syrakouli and 8 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Ioanna Voulgaridi *Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Petros C Dinas *FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Zacharoula BogogiannidouLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Katerina DadouliLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Athanasios G LianosLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Nikolas PapageorgiouLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Dimitrios GeorgiouLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Nikolaos ZigasLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Eleni BouloumpasiLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Evangelia SyrakouliLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Argyro SyrakouliLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Styliani SarrouDepartment of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Maria TseroniNursing Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Fani KalalaDepartment of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Varvara A MouchtouriLaboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Matthaios SpeletasDepartment of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Yiannis Koutedakis *FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
Christos Hadjichristodoulou *Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The study aimed to determine the antibody response associated with physical activity (PA) levels and participants' individual characteristics following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Methods: The study population included adults vaccinated with either mRNA, adenovirus vector-based, or protein-based adjuvanted vaccines. The sample was derived from participants in a larger cohort study, whose blood samples were collected on days 21, 42, 90, and 180 following COVID-19 vaccination. We tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses, excluding samples collected on day 180, which were analyzed only for IgG antibody titers. Physical Activity (PA) levels were estimated using the short-form International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ), which measures usual weekly physical activity. Results: Overall, 641 individuals participated in the study. Seropositivity for IgG antibodies was significantly higher among participants with moderate or high PA levels at 21 days (92.6 and 97.0%, respectively) than among those in the low exercise intensity group (70.4%) ( Conclusion: Encouraging moderate-to-high levels of exercise regimens before immunization could enhance vaccine efficacy, particularly among groups at risk of poor immune responses, such as older adults and those with chronic diseases.

Indexed as

Antibodies, ViralAntibody FormationCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesExerciseAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedSARS-CoV-2VaccinationAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin AImmunoglobulin GantibodiesCOVID-19exerciseimmunizationphysical activitySARS-CoV-2vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42774463
PMCPMC13593892

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.