ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Comparison of a 36-week functional training program versus traditional physical education on physical fitness in male adolescents: a longitudinal school-based study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Evidence comparing functional training with traditional physical education in Chinese high schools is limited. This longitudinal study compared a 36-week functional training program versus standard physical education on fitness and health markers in male adolescents. Methods: Male adolescents ( Results: LMMs revealed significant group effects favoring FTG for cardiovascular endurance (resting pulse: -2.34 bpm, 95% CI [-4.26, -0.42], d = 0.24; 1,000-m run: -15.36 s, 95% CI [-20.03, -10.69], d = 0.53), muscular strength (1RM squat: +2.81 kg, 95% CI [1.95, 3.67], d = 0.45; pull-ups: +0.61 reps, 95% CI [0.24, 0.98], d = 0.21), agility (T-test: -0.22 s, 95% CI [-0.40, -0.04], d = 0.26), and balance (closed-eye single-leg stance: +21.32 s, 95% CI [10.68, 31.96], d = 0.41). Time×group interactions were significant for BMI ( Conclusion: A 36-week structured progressive exercise program was associated with greater improvements in cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and agility than traditional physical education among male adolescents, with duration-dependent adaptations. However, differential attrition (FTG: 46.7% vs. TPEG: 37.3% at 36 weeks) and the absence of dietary control warrant cautious interpretation.
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