ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
Establishment and validation of a novel rat model of early-stage patellofemoral osteoarthritis induced by patellar instability.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to establish and validate a rat model of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) induced by patellar instability and to characterize its early degenerative features and compartment specificity. Methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups ( Results: At 1 week after surgery, patellofemoral cartilage showed surface irregularity, disrupted zonal architecture, and abnormal chondrocyte arrangement, with progressive worsening over time. In contrast, tibiofemoral changes were milder and appeared later. Safranin O-Fast Green and toluidine blue staining showed earlier and more pronounced loss of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in patellofemoral cartilage than in tibiofemoral cartilage, accompanied by an earlier reduction in positively stained area. Compared with controls, PIICP levels in synovial lavage fluid and serum decreased at all postoperative time points, whereas MMP-13, CTX-II, and COMP levels increased ( Conclusion: Combined partial transection of the patellar ligament and medial patellar retinaculum with lateralized patellar tracking successfully established an early-stage rat PFOA model with preferential patellofemoral involvement. This model rapidly induced cartilage metabolic imbalance and histological degeneration, showing compartment specificity and potential value for studying early PFOA pathogenesis and interventions.
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