Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42774177›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026

Watching risk: fairness, medical supervision, and the spectator problem in the enhanced games.

Alexis Demas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Alexis DemasARGOS (Art, Research and Gestures Observed Scientifically), Neurosciences and Arts, Paris, France.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Enhanced Games are often presented as an ethically improved alternative to conventional anti-doping sport because they replace prohibition with transparency, athlete autonomy, and medical supervision. The inaugural event, held in Las Vegas in May 2026, complicates rather than confirms this framing: several winners competed without enhancement, the substances used by others were often undisclosed, and only one world record was set. Open enhancement therefore does not straightforwardly resolve the ethical problems of fairness or harm; it reorganizes competition around access to biomedical optimization, tolerance of pharmacological risk, and physician-enabled performance escalation. This model also raises a neglected question: the ethics of the spectator. If audiences knowingly consume performances built on deliberate pharmacological risk, the moral problem is no longer confined to the athlete's consent; it extends to the collective normalization of medically hazardous enhancement as entertainment. The Enhanced Games should therefore be assessed not because they introduce risk into an otherwise safe world of sport, but because they institutionalize enhancement-related risk as a structural feature of competition and convert that risk into spectacle, with spectators as active, differentiated participants in that conversion.

Indexed as

autonomydopingenhanced gamesfairnessspectatorship

Identifiers

PMID42774177
PMCPMC13593764

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.