ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Case Report: Possible spatially-distinct
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) is a high-grade precancer, and 5-aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) offers a fertility-preserving alternative for young patients. However, complete lesion regression does not eliminate the latent oncogenic risk of persistent HPV16, and real-world evidence of invasive carcinoma arising after long-term loss to follow-up (LTFU) post-PDT remains scarce. This case report aims to share this clinical observation and provide real-world evidence supporting risk-stratified post-treatment surveillance for patients with isolated persistent HPV16 after histological CIN3 remission. Case presentation: A 32-year-old parous woman with TZ2 CIN3 at the 9/12 o'clock cervical positions achieved histological remission after two cycles of standardized ALA-PDT, yet retained isolated HPV16 infection. Despite repeated clinical reminders, she discontinued all surveillance for 20 consecutive months. Upon voluntary re-presentation, newly developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed at the 6 o'clock position-a cervical quadrant spatially distinct from the original CIN3 lesions. This finding raises the possibility of Conclusions: Isolated persistent HPV16 retains long-term malignant potential despite resolved precancerous lesions, and can drive spatially separate invasive carcinoma. Because this inference is based on a single observational case without supporting molecular data, risk-stratified intensified surveillance should be further validated in larger cohorts. Standardized follow-up adherence interventions are required to prevent irreversible fertility loss and advanced disease secondary to discontinuous monitoring.
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