ArticleFrontiers in neurology2026
Age-dependent associations of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers with cognition and brain structural abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related mild cognitive impairment.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions. Chronic peripheral inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Given their accessibility and cost-effectiveness, peripheral inflammatory biomarkers hold promise as potential indicators for AD. However, their associations with cognitive function and brain structural abnormalities may vary across patients and age groups. Methods: Patients diagnosed with AD or AD-related mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI) were included. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), lymphocyte count (LYM), and monocyte count (MONO), were obtained from complete blood count (CBC). Composite inflammatory biomarkers were calculated from the aforementioned parameters and included the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR), neutrophil-monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (NMLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). We examined the associations of peripheral blood inflammatory biomarkers and calculated composite inflammatory biomarkers with cognitive function, global cortical atrophy, and hippocampal atrophy. Interaction and stratified analyses were employed to investigate the modifying effects of age and sex on these associations. Results: The study included a total of 395 patients. Within the overall sample, almost all inflammatory biomarkers did not exhibit significant associations with cognitive function, global cortical atrophy, or hippocampal atrophy. Interaction analyses revealed significant interactions between age and several inflammatory biomarkers, while no significant interactions were detected concerning sex. Stratified analyses indicated that among patients younger than 75 years, several composite inflammatory biomarkers were significantly associated with cognitive function, global cortical atrophy, and hippocampal atrophy, whereas no significant associations were observed in patients aged 75 years or older. Conclusion: In patients with AD and AD-MCI, the associations between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and both cognitive impairment and structural brain abnormalities were found to be age-dependent, with stronger associations observed in patients younger than 75 years. Several composite inflammatory biomarkers showed more consistent associations and may help characterize heterogeneity within this clinical population, although their prognostic and diagnostic value requires further validation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.