Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42773835›Full record

ReviewEcological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America2026

Recommendations for the development of erosion-resistant tidal marshes to enhance nature-based flood risk mitigation.

Marte M Stoorvogel, Stijn Temmerman, Bas W Borsje, Victoria G Mason, Pim W J M Willemsen, Ken Schoutens, Laura Airoldi, Christine Angelini, Jim van Belzen, Gregory S Fivash and 12 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Recommendations for the development of erosion-resistant tidal marshes to enhance nature-based flood risk mitigation.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Marte M StoorvogelDepartment of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-3343
Stijn TemmermanEcosphere, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-9115
Bas W BorsjeWater Engineering & Management, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-6270
Victoria G MasonDepartment of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7589-5476
Pim W J M WillemsenHydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-6392
Ken SchoutensEcosphere, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-8019
Laura AiroldiHydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, Uo CoNISMa, Chioggia, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-0871
Christine AngeliniDepartment of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-5269
Jim van BelzenDepartment of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-1545
Gregory S FivashEcosphere, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-7036
Angus GarbuttCentre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-9786
Qiang HeCoastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6481-0924
Tjisse van der HeideDepartment of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Zhan HuSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-3718
Johan van de KoppelDepartment of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-4275
Iris MöllerDepartment of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-2932
Lotte OosterleeEcosphere, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Brian R SillimanNicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-650X
Martin W SkovSchool of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-3865
Carter S SmithSchool of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-3010
Zhenchang ZhuGuangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-1850
Tjeerd J BoumaDepartment of Estuarine and Delta Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-7546

Funding

Dutch Research Council (NWO) 17589Dutch Research Council (NWO) 18924Dutch Research Council (NWO) NWA.1292.19.257Dutch Research Council (NWO) NWO-AES-VENI 2023; 21063
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is growing interest in nature-based hybrid flood risk mitigation, in which wetland ecosystems, such as tidal marshes, are an integral part. Tidal marshes can attenuate wave loading on defense structures, reduce breach depth in case of defense structure failure, attenuate storm surges, reduce shoreline erosion, and grow vertically with sea-level rise. Marshes are currently being restored and created for flood risk mitigation and/or for other ecosystem services, making it crucial that they can persist in the long term and therefore develop erosion-resistant sediment beds. In this paper, we first discuss the key physical and biological processes and properties that drive the development of erosion-resistant sediment beds in tidal marshes, showing that vegetated, consolidated sediment beds, effectively functioning food webs, and a wide intertidal zone with a variety of ecosystems are highly important for the realization of marsh restoration/creation projects for flood risk mitigation. Second, we discuss how the location (i.e., either seaward or landward of a defense structure) and the physical conditions (i.e., elevation relative to the tidal range and the strength of local wave forcing) under which tidal marsh restoration/creation takes place can determine which interventions will be most suitable. Possible interventions include: sediment nourishment, stabilization structures, managed realignment, transitional polder, regulated tidal exchange, vegetation planting/transplanting, and/or creek excavation. The location and the chosen restoration or creation intervention will strongly affect how fast marsh establishment and erosion resistance development will occur. Overall, our study reveals that successful marsh restoration/creation for nature-based flood risk mitigation requires (1) selecting the most appropriate marsh restoration or creation intervention for a specific location, and (2) giving the marsh enough time to develop before it is needed for flood risk mitigation. The incorporation of marshes within nature-based flood risk mitigation strategies should not only be considered at an individual site scale but also upscaled to large landscape scale consequences for flood risk mitigation, to ensure a fully functioning wider ecosystem with good connectivity between ecosystems.

Indexed as

Conservation of Natural ResourcesFloodsSoil ErosionWetlandsGeologic SedimentsSeashoreTidal Wavescoastal resiliencenature‐based flood defensenature‐based solutionssediment stabilitytidal marsh restorationtidal marsh vegetation

Identifiers

PMID42773835
PMCPMC13598484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.