Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42773490›Full record

Observational studyYonsei medical journal2026

Incidence and Outcomes of Bloodstream Infections in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Multicenter Study in South Korea.

Ah Young Leem, Shihwan Chang, Mindong Sung, Chanho Lee, Kyung Soo Chung, Young Sam Kim, Sunghoon Park, Onyu Park, Taehwa Kim, Hye Ju Yeo and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Yonsei medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ah Young LeemDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-3704
Shihwan ChangDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-2766
Mindong SungDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-8877
Chanho LeeDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-7379
Kyung Soo ChungDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-8730
Young Sam KimDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-8482
Sunghoon ParkDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7004-6985
Onyu ParkBioMedical Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8240-7586
Taehwa KimDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3722-0261
Hye Ju YeoDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8403-5790
Jin Ho JangDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-4008
Woo Hyun ChoDivision of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Transplant Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-8008
Chul ParkDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea. cholssak21@naver.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-009X
Su Hwan LeeDivision of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. hihogogo@yuhs.ac.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-2574
Korean Intensive Care Study Group

Funding

Korea Health Industry Development Institute C-2025-0027Korea Health Industry Development Institute RS-2025-25459883Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases KATRD-S-2021-2National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00252863Yonsei University College of Medicine 6-2018-0084
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of bloodstream infections (BSI), but associated risk factors remain incompletely characterized. We aimed to evaluate BSI risk factors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for COVID-19. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis nationwide multicenter study, conducted across 22 university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea, included COVID-19 patients treated with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy or mechanical ventilation. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients who developed BSI within 30 days and those who did not. Pathogens were analyzed, risk factors were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, and supplementary Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to address time-dependent outcomes.

resultsOf 573 included patients, 206 (35.9%) developed at least one BSI episode.

conclusionIn critically ill patients with COVID-19, high baseline severity, chronic neurological disease, and pre-infection advanced life support (mechanical ventilation and ECMO) were independent predictors of BSI. Rather than acting as an independent cause of death, BSI primarily serves as a clinical marker of extreme illness severity and prolonged invasive interventions.

Indexed as

BacteremiaCOVID-19AgedCritical IllnessFemaleHospital MortalityHumansIncidenceIntensive Care UnitsMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsProportional Hazards ModelsRepublic of KoreaRespiration, ArtificialRisk Factorsbloodstream infectionCOVID-19risk factor

Identifiers

PMID42773490
PMCPMC13619358

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.