Observational studyJournal of Korean medical science2026
Risk of Dementia After Cholecystectomy in Older Adults: A Nationwide Retrospective Study.
Observational study in Journal of Korean medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIdentification of factors that increase the hazard of dementia is critical for early intervention and management. Cholecystectomy, which affects the metabolism and storage of bile acid, is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to determine whether cholecystectomy increases the hazard of dementia onset in older adults, regardless of subtype.
methodsThis retrospective observational study used data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database for patients who underwent cholecystectomy or appendectomy from 2013 to 2022. Patients aged 60 years or older who had a cholecystectomy (Q7380) were included in the study group (294,008 eligible participants; 66,021 excluded), and those who had an appendectomy (Q2861, Q2862, Q2863) were included in the control group (125,961 eligible participants; 14,963 excluded). Incidence of dementia, regardless of subtype, was defined using International Classification of Diseases 10
resultsA total of 227,987 individuals (mean age 70.36 years; 51.1% male) were included in the cholecystectomy group, and 110,998 individuals (mean age 69.31 years, 45.8% male) were included in the control group. In an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio for dementia in the cholecystectomy group was 1.148 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.123-1.172;
conclusionOur findings indicate that cholecystectomy is associated with a modestly increased hazard of dementia after adjustment for relevant covariates. This association should be interpreted as a population-level signal rather than a clinically actionable risk factor, and may inform future research on links between cognitive decline and biliary function.
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