ArticleJMIR research protocols2026
Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundReduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a well-recognized but underaddressed complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing substantially to cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality of life. Evidence related to pulmonary function, functional exercise capacity, and autonomic dysfunction in T2DM remains fragmented and methodologically heterogeneous.
objectiveThis protocol describes a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to synthesize evidence on CRF in adults with T2DM, evaluate associated clinical and demographic determinants, and examine relationships with glycemic control and diabetes-related outcomes.
methodsThe protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251009300) and follows PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols) guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and gray literature will be conducted for studies published between 2013 and 2024. Randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional and case-control studies involving adults with T2DM will be included. Primary outcomes include pulmonary function test parameters, 6-minute walk test distance, and heart rate variability indexes. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data, and assess risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2), Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the JBI critical appraisal tools, as appropriate. Meta-analyses will be performed using random-effects models when sufficient homogeneity exists. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework will be used to assess certainty of evidence.
resultsThe study was approved by the Doctoral Research Committee on December 19, 2024, and the Standing Scrutiny Committee and Institutional Ethical Committee on October 1, 2025. Data collection began after approval in December 2024, and the meta-analysis was completed in April 2026. The results of the meta-analysis will be published in August 2026.
conclusionsThe findings will support evidence-based clinical assessment and guide future research on integrative cardiopulmonary and autonomic evaluation in T2DM.
trial registrationPROSPERO CRD420251009300; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251009300. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/91185.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.