ArticleAnnals of neurology2026
An Investigation of Sleep Macro- and Microarchitecture by APOE Genotype.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesApolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4), a robust genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with functional connectivity deficits and amyloid pathology in brain regions involved in sleep regulation. Thus, alterations in sleep architecture may be one pathway through which ε4 contributes to Alzheimer's disease vulnerability. However, sleep architecture characteristics associated with APOE ε4 remain poorly characterized.
methodsThis cross-sectional study examined associations between APOE genotype and sleep architecture among adults aged 50-85 years enrolled in the Sleep Heart Health Study (N = 3,081). APOE genotype was classified into ε4 heterozygotes, ε4 homozygotes, ε2 carriers, and ε3 homozygotes (reference group). Sleep architecture was defined using macro-level traits (percentage of time spent in in each sleep stage and wake after sleep onset) and micro-level traits (spindle characteristics [power, density, and frequency], odds ratio product [ORP], and arousal index). Associations between APOE genotype and each sleep metric was evaluated using linear regression.
resultsMacroarchitecture was largely comparable across genotypes. However, substantial differences in micro-level traits were identified, including lower spindle power among ε4 homozygotes (β = -2.14, p = 0.02) and a dose-response decrease in spindle frequency at peak power with each ε4 count (β
interpretationAbnormal spindle activity observed among ε4 carriers may contribute to their elevated Alzheimer's disease risk. ε4 carriers also showed less sleep fragmentation, which may reflect diminished arousability or electroencephalogram slowing due to neurodegenerative changes. ANN NEUROL 2026;100:1012-1022.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.