ReviewFrontiers in psychology2026
A scoping review of factors associated with pain empathy among nursing professionals and students.
Review in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To map the factors associated with pain empathy among nursing professionals and students and provide a theoretical basis for intervention research. Methods: Guided by the methodological framework of scoping review, databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for studies on factors associated with pain empathy. The search period was from the establishment of each database to December 16, 2025. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data, and the included studies were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 27 studies were included: 23 cross-sectional, 3 qualitative, and 1 quasi-experimental. Sixteen used the Empathy for Pain Scale, 7 used general-empathy measures in pain-related contexts, 1 used fMRI, and 3 were qualitative. The reported factors included personal background, work experience, training history, pain-related factors, psychological and emotional state, and social support and environment. Conclusion: Pain empathy among nursing professionals and students was associated with multiple factors, but the heterogeneous constructs and predominantly cross-sectional evidence do not support causal inference. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed.
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