ArticleJournal of arrhythmia2026
High-Density Spectral Analysis for Bi-Atrial Arrhythmogenic Substrate During Non-Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.
Article in Journal of arrhythmia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Spectral analysis has been utilized to identify localized sites exhibiting high dominant frequency (DF) and high regularity-the critical arrhythmogenic substrate driving atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to elucidate the spectral characteristics of focal activation (FoA) and rotational activation (RoA) sites during AF using a high-density mapping system. Methods: CARTOFINDER mapping was prospectively performed in both atria of 47 consecutive non-paroxysmal AF patients using the Octaray catheter prior to ablation. Endocardial unipolar electrograms were exported offline for spectral analysis of DF and the regularity index (RI). Results: CARTOFINDER assessed a total of 48 153 mapping points. Given substantial inter-subject variability in mean DF, the difference between each point's DF and the subject-level mean DF was defined as the dominant frequency deviation (DFD). The left atrium (LA) demonstrated significantly higher DFD and RI than the right atrium (both Conclusions: The combination of CARTOFINDER mapping and spectral analysis may contribute to the mechanistic understanding of non-paroxysmal AF.
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