ReviewFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, common pathways in down syndrome.
Review in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) involves widespread systemic issues, including a near-universal development of early-onset Alzheimer's Disease, driven by factors beyond Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) over-expression, such as chronic neuroinflammation and endosomal dysfunction. High prevalence of periodontitis in this population acts as a significant source of peripheral inflammation that may accelerate this cognitive decline, necessitating further study into the bidirectional, pro-inflammatory links between systemic health and neurodegeneration in DS. This review analyzes the common pathophysiological pathways linking periodontitis and AD development within the DS population, evaluating how oral dysbiosis acts as a systemic driver of neurodegeneration. We synthesized current molecular, microbiological, and clinical evidence evaluating the bidirectional relationships between trisomy 21-induced immune dysfunction, severe periodontitis, and accelerated cognitive decline. Individuals with DS exhibit a heightened susceptibility to aggressive, early-onset periodontitis starting as early as age six. This chronic oral dysbiosis facilitates microbial translocation, allowing periodontal pathogens (e.g.,
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