ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Delayed late ventricular depolarization is associated with inflammation in epicardial Fat Among females: a New avenue in cardiac electrophysiology.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been linked to cardiac conduction through direct myocardium interaction and endocrine activity. We investigated sex-specific associations between ventricular electrical activity and the molecular composition of EAT. Methods: EAT biopsies from 146 cardiac surgery patients were analysed for inflammatory cell markers (CD16, DEFA3, CXCR2, CD68, CD14), fatty acid transporters (FABP4, CD36), fibroblast-related markers (COL1A2 and PREF1), and neuroreceptor-related markers (CHRM3, CHRM2, ADRB3) using real-time PCR. High-quality electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 100 patients were analysed for 36 ventricular depolarization and repolarization parameters. Principal component analysis was used to explore the internal ECG structure. Spearman correlation with Benjamini-Hochberg correction and sex-stratified linear regression assessed ECG-EAT associations, adjusting for clinical covariates. Results: In females, EAT fibrotic and inflammatory profile were correlated with delayed late anteroseptal depolarization (prolonged S-wave upstroke time) in V2 (COL1A2, Conclusion: Despite similar absolute ECG values, females exhibited a stronger electrical response to the EAT inflammatory profile. These findings highlight inflammation-driven sex-specific depolarization alterations and support ECG as a simple tool to indicate adverse EAT phenotypes.
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