ArticlePlanta2026
Effects of latitude and extreme temperatures on the expression of cleistogamous flowers and pollen viability in soybean (Glycine max) under field conditions.
Article in Planta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
MAIN
conclusionDeveloping soybean flowers exposed to higher maximum temperatures during the week preceding full anthesis show a strong association with cleistogamy, but without a latitudinal gradient. Higher mean maximum temperature also had a moderate but significant negative effect on pollen viability. Soybean displays a range of reproductive strategies, including the production of both closed, self-pollinated cleistogamous flowers and open, self- and cross-pollinated chasmogamous flowers, as well as variation in the pollen viability among flowers. The incidence of cleistogamy and pollen viability could be related to stressful environmental conditions. This research examines under field conditions the relationship between latitude and the mean-maximum temperatures (data from National Meteorological Service) to which buds are exposed 1 week before sampling, with cleistogamy and pollen viability. The number of cleistogamous flowers (n = 50 flowers per site) and pollen viability (n = 5 flowers of each type per site, staining pollen with lactophenol to estimate the percentage of non-viable pollen) were measured across a broad latitudinal range (21 sites) and considering mean-maximum temperatures during the week before sampling flowers in full anthesis. The regression models were applied to interpret the response variables disentangling the effects of both factors. The proportion of cleistogamous flowers was high across sites (63.1 to 98%). The model with mean-maximum temperature as fixed factor showed a significant association with the occurrence of cleistogamy and with pollen viability. This trend suggests that higher temperatures (i.e., high mean daily temperatures) one week before anthesis are associated with changes in reproductive soybean traits throughout the latitudinal gradient. Given the observed increase in the frequency and intensity of maximum temperatures during the flowering season associated with climate change, our research implies an impact on the pollination and fertilization of soybean with possible implications for crop production.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42768219What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.