ArticleActa diabetologica2026
Beyond medication adherence: bisphenol exposure and its relationship with good glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Article in Acta diabetologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise alongside complications associated with chronic hyperglycemia. While antihyperglycemic medications are central to glycemic control, exposure to bisphenol-A (BPA) and bisphenol-S (BPS), used to coat food packages, may influence disease progression. This study aimed to test a dietary survey to estimate BPA and BPS among T2D individuals and evaluate BPA and BPS associations with levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C).
methodsMedication adherence of 382 T2D patients (63.68 ± 10.52 yrs., 7.43 ± 1.36% HbA1C) treated with oral anti-hyperglycemic therapy was assessed with electronic Drug Exposure Monitors. Dietary behavior was evaluated using the Connor dietary survey. Plasma BPA and BPS levels were measured using ELISA assay. Multivariate analyses examined variables related with HbA1C, accounting for modifiable (BMI, diet, physical activity, medication adherence, BPA/BPS levels) and non-modifiable factors (age, sex, race).
resultsThe Connor dietary survey did not effectively estimate BPS or BPA levels. BPS, not BPA, was associated with HbA1C when adjusted by non-modifiable variables (β-coefficient = 0.14, P = 0.045), along with medication adherence (β-coefficient = -0.12, P = 0.048). However, when modifiable variables were included in the adjustment, cholesterol and saturated fats intake (β-coefficient = -0.14, P = 0.045), and medication adherence (β-coefficient = -0.16, P = 0.012) were associated with HbA1C.
conclusionLevels of BPS are positively associated with HbA1c, even after accounting for non-modifiable factors, diet, and medication adherence, well-established determinants of glycemic control in T2D. Strategies aimed at reducing BPS exposure may complement antihyperglycemic therapy and diet to control HbA1C in T2D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42766133What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.