Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42766107›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Cardiovascular Disease as a Risk Amplifier of COVID-19 Severity and a Potential Correlations to Long-Term Gastrointestinal Sequelae.

Hassan Brim, Muhammad Ahmad Imran, Wardah Bajwa, Mrinalini Deverapali, Anas Brim, Rumaisa Rashid, Mudasir Rashid, Aurmin Amirmokri, Ali Ramadan, Neda Dezfuli and 19 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Hassan BrimDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Muhammad Ahmad ImranDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Wardah BajwaDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Mrinalini DeverapaliDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Anas BrimDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Rumaisa RashidDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Mudasir RashidDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Aurmin AmirmokriDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Ali RamadanDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Neda DezfuliDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Sabtain SaroyaDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Soha MohammedDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Kevin BoluytDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Shahnoza DusmatovaDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Jaide CottonDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Keyshawn DavisDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Matthew DelearyDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Noah WheatonDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Degrick CheathamDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Armando UgarteDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Yusuf AshktorabDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Shweta DixitDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Zaki SherifDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Adeyinka LaiyemoDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Farshad AduliDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Angesom KibreabDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
John M CarethersDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
Gholamreza OskrochiCollege of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait.
Hassan AshktorabDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA. hashktorab@howard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-4666

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant comorbidity influencing COVID-19 outcome. This study assesses its impact on hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Howard University Hospital.

methodsA retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 1,580 hospitalized predominantly African American (AA) COVID-19 patients that were classified as CVD (n = 428, 27%) and non-CVD (n = 1,152, 73%) and further stratified by race to assess demographic, clinical, and laboratory differences.

resultsCVD patients exhibited higher rates of hypertension (86% vs. 49%), diabetes (47% vs. 25%), and acute kidney injury (37% vs. 21%) compared to non-CVD patients (p < 0.01). ICU transfers (24% vs. 16%) and mortality (21% vs. 10%) were also statistically significant. CVD patients showed higher troponin, pro-BNP, and inflammatory markers, but lower substance use (13% vs. 23%). The study also highlights racial disparities in CVD outcomes. African Americans and Hispanics with CVD had higher ICU transfers (23% and 38%, p < 0.05), whereas mortality was significant in AA but not in other races. Elevated sodium, potassium, creatinine, and cardiac biomarkers were significantly more common in AA and Whites with CVD had higher nursing home residency (15% and 27%, p < 0.05). Race-based GI comparisons showed few significant differences. AA with CVD had borderline higher GI symptoms (59% vs. 53%, p = 0.07) and elevated ALT peaks (61% vs. 25%, p < 0.05). Whites showed higher ALP peaks (21% vs. 4%, p < 0.05)with no significant changes in Hispanics.

conclusionCVD substantially worsens COVID-19 outcomes, with AAs disproportionately affected. These results highlight the need for targeted, race-specific strategies to improve management of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.

Indexed as

African AmericanCardiovascular DiseaseCOVID-19Gastrointestinal disease

Identifiers

PMID42766107

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.