SynthesisJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2026
Resistance training combined with creatine supplementation: a three-level meta-analysis of multidimensional outcomes from strength enhancement to body composition remodeling.
Synthesis in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine (1) the effects of resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on muscle strength (upper- and lower-body strength) and body composition (lean mass, fat mass, body-fat percentage, and body mass), and (2) whether these effects were moderated by participant characteristics (age, gender, and training experience) and intervention protocols (intervention duration, weekly frequency, dosing strategy, daily dose, and supplementation protocol).
methodsWe conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO from database inception through April 21 2025, and performed backward citation tracking to identify additional relevant trials. Hedge's g (g) served as the summary effect size for each outcome. Meta-analysis was performed using a three-level random-effects model in the metafor package (R). Potential moderators were explored via subgroup analyses and meta-regression.
resultsSixty-three studies (
conclusionCompared with resistance training alone, resistance training combined with creatine supplementation significantly enhanced muscle strength and lean body mass, without a significant effect on fat mass. The modest increase in total body weight was primarily attributable to gains in lean body mass, contributing to a slight reduction in body fat percentage. Among participant characteristics, age appeared to be associated with the magnitude of strength effects, although this exploratory finding should be interpreted cautiously given the uneven representation of age subgroups. Intervention-protocol variables did not significantly influence the outcomes. These conclusions should also be interpreted within the context of heterogeneous and incompletely reported nutritional intake and training backgrounds across the included trials.
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