ArticlePsychiatry investigation2026
Associations of Metacognition, Mental Toughness, and Self-Efficacy With Eco-Anxiety in Adolescents: A Structural Equation Modeling.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGlobal warming is increasingly recognized as a significant current issue, and its consequences are becoming more serious over time. However, the environmental effects of global warming on children and adolescents have not yet been sufficiently understood. Our study examined metacognition, mental toughness, and self-efficacy as psychological predictors of eco-anxiety in adolescents using a structural equation modeling framework.
methodsA total of 334 adolescents aged 15-17 years completed standardized self-report measures assessing eco-anxiety, metacognition, mental toughness, and self-efficacy.
resultsEco-anxiety was analyzed within its four-factor structure to identify cognitive vulnerability and resilience-related mechanisms. Mental toughness was negatively associated with emotional symptoms (β=-0.288, p<0.001) and personal impact concerns (β=-0.259, p< 0.001). In contrast, metacognitive processes were positively associated with rumination (β=0.532, p<0.001) and emotional symptoms (β=0.307, p<0.001). Self-efficacy showed a differential pattern, being positively related to behavioral symptoms (β=0.194, p=0.003) while negatively associated with personal impact concerns (β=-0.156, p=0.007). Girl gender was associated with higher rumination (β=0.164, p=0.004).
conclusionThese findings indicate that eco-anxiety in adolescents represents a multidimensional construct shaped by distinct cognitive vulnerability and resilience-related mechanisms. Metacognitive processes, mental toughness, self-efficacy, and sociodemographic characteristics may be important relevant variables in understanding individual differences in eco-anxiety among adolescents. In our world where the challenges of climate change persist, it is recommended that future studies further investigate the potential benefits, for adolescents, of preventive mental health interventions targeting metacognitive processes, mental resilience, and self-efficacy related to eco-anxiety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.