Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42765105›Full record

ReviewHealth care transitions2026

TRAQ in clinical practice: A narrative review for health care transition readiness.

Betsy Hopson, Kylee R Phalen, David Wood

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Health care transitions, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Betsy HopsonDepartment of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Kylee R PhalenDepartment of Social Work, East Tennessee University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, United States.
David WoodDepartment of Pediatrics, East Tennessee University, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Advances in medical care have dramatically improved survival rates for children and youth with special health care needs (SHCN), with more than 90% now reaching adulthood. As a result, pediatric-to-adult health care transition has become a critical component of lifespan care. Despite national consensus recommendations, fewer than one in four adolescents receive the transition services needed to prepare them for adult-oriented care. Standardized, validated instruments to assess and promote transition readiness are essential to close this gap. Objective: This review describes the practical application of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) in ambulatory care settings, to guide clinicians in its administration, interpretation, and integration with evidence-based counseling strategies. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes published literature and the authors' collective clinical experience implementing the TRAQ across ambulatory transition programs. Sources include the three successive TRAQ validation studies, national consensus guidelines, and behavior change literature underpinning the instrument's theoretical framework. The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change and Motivational Interviewing are presented alongside a structured clinical framework for iterative assessment, goal-setting, and follow-up. Results: The TRAQ is a validated, theory-driven instrument spanning four behavioral domains of health and health care self-management. It supports providers in systematically evaluating readiness, identifying skill gaps, and facilitating self-management development across adolescence. Practical guidance is provided for score interpretation, stage-matched counseling approaches, and a TRAQ Companion Individualized Transition Plan (ITP) for structured goal documentation and follow-up. Conclusions: Systematic use of the TRAQ within a structured transition counseling framework enables clinicians to evaluate readiness and tailor interventions to each youth's stage of change. Integration of the TRAQ and its companion ITP into routine ambulatory practice represents an evidence-informed approach to improving health care transition outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with SHCN.

Indexed as

Adolescents and young adultsHealth care transitionMotivational InterviewingTransition readinessTransition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire

Identifiers

PMID42765105
PMCPMC13590068

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.