ArticleVeterinary world2026
Bioprocessing of mixed oil palm by-products with single and consortium white-rot fungi: Effects on nutritional quality, in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbial populations.
Article in Veterinary world, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Oil palm by-products are abundant lignocellulosic resources with considerable potential as sustainable ruminant feed but are constrained by poor digestibility and limited rumen fermentability. White-rot fungi (WRF) produce ligninolytic enzymes capable of modifying lignocellulosic biomass, whereas fungal consortia may enhance substrate bioconversion through complementary enzymatic activities. This study evaluated the effects of single and consortium WRF on the nutritional quality, Materials and Methods: A substrate comprising oil palm fronds, palm kernel cake, and oil palm decanter cake was subjected to 28-day solid-state fermentation using 6% (w/w) inoculum. Five treatments were evaluated: Unfermented control, fermented control without fungal inoculation, Results: Fermentation significantly increased crude protein (CP) by 24.8%-34.8% while decreasing ether extract, hemicellulose, and non-fiber carbohydrates (p < 0.05). Conversely, relative lignin concentration and structural fiber fractions increased, indicating preferential carbohydrate utilization during fungal growth. All fermented treatments reduced cumulative gas production, total volatile fatty acids, CH Conclusion: Bioprocessing mixed oil palm by-products with single or consortium WRF altered substrate composition by increasing CP while reducing CH
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