Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42764447›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Clinical modifiers of the association between type 1 diabetes and dementia incidence.

Anna M Pederson, Peter Buto, Scott C Zimmerman, Mabeline Velez, Kendra D Sims, Audrey R Murchland, Jingxuan Wang, M Maria Glymour, Nicole L Spartano, Jennifer Weuve and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Anna M PedersonDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0441-7392
Peter ButoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Scott C ZimmermanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mabeline VelezDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kendra D SimsDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Audrey R MurchlandDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jingxuan WangDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
M Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nicole L SpartanoChobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jennifer WeuveDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Paola GilsanzDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Felicia ChiDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, California, USA.
Rachel A WhitmerDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Alana T BrennanDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Funding

Project 4: Social isolation as a driver of AD/ADRD incidence and disparitiesP01AG082653 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI Medellena Maria Glymour · 2024 to 2026
$23.6M
Evidence of the burden of diabetes, gaps in the diabetes cascade-of-care and the impact of care and treatment on diabetes outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in South AfricaK01DK116929 · NIDDK · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI BRENNAN, ALANA TERESA · 2019 to 2023
$866k
Community Empowerment, Vascular Risk, and ADRD Disparities: Translating Research to Public PolicyK99AG083121 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI SIMS, KENDRA D · 2023 to 2024
$243k
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination on the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related DementiasK00AG083306 · NIA · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Jingxuan Wang · 2025 to 2026
$174k
NIA NIH HHS K00 AG083306NIA NIH HHS K99 AG083121NIA NIH HHS P01 AG082653NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK116929
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) increases dementia risk. Understanding clinical modifiers of that effect could inform prevention.

methodsWe analyzed data from All of Us. Participants were aged ≥50 years with T1DM (n = 5,442) or no diabetes (n = 226,819).

resultsAmong 232,261 participants (mean [SD] age 64.5 [9.0] years; 57.3% women), 2.3% had a T1DM diagnosis. Among those without diabetes, each additional comorbidity corresponded to a dementia hazard ratio (HR) of 1.22 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.26). The dementia HR among participants with both T1DM and depression, compared with having neither, was pronounced (HR: 5.47 [95% CI: 4.23, 7.08]) and consistent with the independent associations of T1DM alone (HR: 2.01 [95% CI:1.38, 2.92]) and depression alone (HR: 2.55 [95% CI: 2.22, 2.95]). DISCUSSION: Individuals who have both T1DM and depression are at especially high risk for dementia.

Indexed as

DementiaDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1AgedComorbidityDepressionFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUnited Statescardiovascular diseasedementiadiabetes complicationsmental healthtype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42764447
PMCPMC13590933

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.