ArticleCureus2026
Knowledge and Awareness of Congenital Umbilical Hernia Among the General Population of Al-Qunfudah Governorate, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCongenital umbilical hernia is a common abdominal wall defect in newborns. It is typically asymptomatic and self-limiting, with most cases resolving spontaneously before the age of two years. Surgical intervention is indicated only when the hernia becomes symptomatic or persists beyond two years of age.
objectivesTo assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding congenital umbilical hernia among the general population in Al-Qunfudah governorate, Saudi Arabia.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 adults aged 18 years and older residing in Al-Qunfudah governorate. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered online questionnaire following informed consent. Knowledge was assessed using a composite scoring system (range: 0-14) and categorized as poor (0-6), moderate (7-10), or good (11-14). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 26.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY), employing independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square tests as appropriate.
resultsThe mean knowledge score was 3.9 ± 2.5 out of a maximum of 14. The majority of participants (84.1%) had poor knowledge, while 15.9% demonstrated moderate knowledge. None of the participants achieved a good knowledge score. Educational level was the only sociodemographic factor significantly associated with knowledge scores (p = 0.024), with higher educational attainment correlating with better knowledge.
conclusionKnowledge regarding congenital umbilical hernia among the population of Al-Qunfudah is grossly inadequate. Higher educational level is associated with better knowledge. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted community-based educational programs to improve public awareness, facilitate early recognition, and promote timely medical consultation.
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