ArticleThe Libyan journal of medicine2026
Integrating immunophenotyping and morphology in the diagnosis of acute leukemia at the National Oncology Center, Sana'a, Yemen.
Article in The Libyan journal of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of acute leukemia (AL) is essential for management. Morphological assessment is used in resource-limited settings, but interpretation can be challenging in ambiguous cases. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping provides diagnostic precision, yet its utility in Yemen remains underreported. This study aimed to assess the concordance between morphological diagnosis and flow cytometric immunophenotyping in newly diagnosed patients at the National Oncology Center, Sana'a, Yemen, and describe discordant cases and antigen-expression patterns. An exploratory prospective cross-sectional diagnostic-agreement study was conducted in July-August 2024. Seventy-five newly diagnosed patients were evaluated using morphology and immunophenotyping. Concordance, antigen expression patterns, discordant cases, and hematological parameters were assessed. By immunophenotyping, 42 patients (56.0%) had precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 32 (42.7%) had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 1 (1.3%) had Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia. For comparative analyses, the Burkitt case was included in the ALL analytical group. The participants included 40 males (53.3%) and 35 females (46.7%), with ages ranging from 8 months to 75 years (mean 24.5 ± 21.2 years). In the analytical groups, children accounted for 69.8% of ALL-group cases, whereas 81.3% of AML cases were adults. The concordance between morphology and immunophenotyping was 89.3%, with
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