ArticleInternational journal of clinical pediatric dentistry2026
Effect of Fluoride Varnishes Containing Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Primary Enamel Microhardness: An
Article in International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aims and background: Fluoride varnishes containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) have been shown to be beneficial in arresting caries lesions in permanent teeth by increasing surface hardness, causing a shift in the demineralization/remineralization equilibrium. The present study aimed to compare the enamel microhardness of primary teeth after the application of MI Varnish and Enamel Pro Varnish. Materials and methods: Sixty-three extracted primary teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 21 teeth each: control group, MI Varnish group, and Enamel Pro Varnish group. All specimens were placed in a demineralizing solution for 48 hours. MI Varnish and Enamel Pro Varnish were applied to the teeth of the respective groups, except in the control group. All specimens were placed in artificial saliva for 1 week. The preoperative and postoperative microhardness values of all specimens were measured. The results were analyzed and compared. Results: Intragroup comparison was found to be highly significant in the control group and Enamel Pro Varnish group and not significant in the MI Varnish group after remineralization when compared to baseline. However, a greater reduction in Vickers hardness number (VHN) was seen in the MI Varnish group when compared to the Enamel Pro Varnish and control groups. Conclusion: The addition of CPP-ACP to fluoride varnish increases the microhardness of surface enamel in primary teeth. Clinical significance: Fluorides with the addition of CPP-ACP will be highly beneficial for increasing the surface hardness of primary enamel and making it less susceptible to acid attack. How to cite this article: Pushpasanthy M, Rena Ephraim, Mridhul MU
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