ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Employment outlook before search? A four-wave RI-CLPM study of environmental career exploration and perceived employment outlook among undergraduates in Liaoning Province, China.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Career exploration is often expected to improve university students' employment expectations, whereas favorable expectations may also encourage subsequent career action. This four-wave longitudinal study examined between-person and within-person associations between environmental career exploration (ECE) and perceived employment outlook (EPO) among 2,267 undergraduates recruited from 16 universities in Liaoning Province, China. Surveys were administered across one academic year at intervals of approximately 8, 13, and 9 weeks. A free-lag random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) with demographic and institutional variables included as missing-data auxiliaries separated stable between-person differences from occasion-specific deviations. The random intercepts were positively correlated, r = 0.673,
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