ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2026
Intrathecal Plasma Cell Activity as Measured by the Kappa Free Light Chain Index Is Associated With Retinal Layer Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between intrathecal kappa free light chain (κ-FLC) synthesis and retinal layer atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown.
objectiveTo investigate whether the κ-FLC index is associated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness.
methodsPatients with newly diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing MS and available cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were included. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were also assessed. κ-FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry, and the κ-FLC index was calculated as (CSF κ-FLC/serum κ-FLC)/albumin quotient.
resultsA total of 100 patients at a median age of 33 (25th-75th percentile: 25-39) years and a female predominance (58%) were included. In multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, number of T2-hyperintense and number of contrast-enhancing MRI lesions, the κ-FLC index was associated with pRNFL (log-transformed κ-FLC index: β: -2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.01, -1.01; p = 0.001) and GCIPL thinning (log-transformed κ-FLC index: β: -1.24, 95% CI: -2.32, -0.17; p = 0.024).
conclusionsIntrathecal plasma cell activity, as measured by the κ-FLC index, is associated with neuroaxonal damage, as reflected by pRNFL and GCIPL atrophy.
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