ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Event-related potential correlates of ESS-C-defined relapse-risk status in clinically stable patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with a high relapse rate, but objective electrophysiological correlates of relapse-related clinical vulnerability remain insufficiently understood. Event-related potential (ERP) components, such as P3 and N2, have been widely investigated as markers of cognitive dysfunction in SCZ. However, relatively few studies have examined ERP characteristics in clinically stable patients stratified according to early warning signs of relapse. The present study investigated ERP characteristics in clinically stable patients with SCZ classified according to the Early Signs Scale-Chinese version (ESS-C), aiming to explore whether ERP components are associated with ESS-C-defined relapse-risk status.
methodsA cross-sectional study design was adopted. A total of 70 patients with SCZ and 35 healthy controls (HCs) were initially recruited. After electroencephalography (EEG) preprocessing, 90 participants were included in the final analysis, comprising 30 HCs, 30 patients in the non-relapse-risk group (NR), and 30 patients in the relapse-risk group (RR). Patients with SCZ were classified into the NR and RR groups according to the ESS-C cutoff. ERP data were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. The amplitudes and latencies of N2 at Cz and P3 at CPz were extracted, and their associations with negative symptoms were analyzed.
resultsA significant overall group effect was observed for P3 amplitude (F = 9.914, P < 0.001), with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons showing significantly higher P3 amplitude in the RR group than in the HC group (P < 0.001), while the NR group showed intermediate values. Sensitivity analysis restricted to patients with SCZ showed that ESS-C-defined relapse-risk status was significantly associated with P3 amplitude after adjustment for available clinical variables. N2 amplitude was positively correlated with negative symptom severity (r = 0.278, P < 0.05).
conclusionsClinically stable patients with SCZ still exhibit abnormal neural information processing. P3 amplitude may be associated with ESS-C-defined relapse-risk status in clinically stable SCZ, whereas N2 may be related to negative symptom severity. These findings provide preliminary evidence that ERP components may be associated with relapse-risk status in clinically stable SCZ. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.