SynthesisJournal of general internal medicine2026
The Association Between Visual Impairment and Delirium: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of general internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDelirium is a prevalent and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate visual impairment as a prognostic factor for delirium across various clinical settings.
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were systematically searched from inception to September 2025. Title/Abstract/full-text screening, and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies included those reporting both visual impairment and delirium. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool odds ratios (ORs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. This review was prospectively registered (PROSPERO; CRD420251269018).
resultsForty-four studies involving 26,230 participants were included. In the primary analysis of 16 studies reporting multivariable-adjusted estimates, visual impairment was associated with increased odds of delirium (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.29-3.16; I DISCUSSION: Visual impairment is associated with increased odds of delirium across diverse adult populations and care settings; however, the observational evidence does not establish causality. Key limitations include heterogeneous definitions of visual impairment and delirium, variable adjustment for confounders, and potential residual confounding. These findings identify visual impairment as a prognostic factor rather than an established modifiable cause of delirium; whether treating visual impairment reduces delirium incidence was not evaluated and requires assessment within a causal framework.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.