ArticleActa parasitologica2026
Application Sequence Determines the Compatibility and Virulence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Spodoptera frugiperda.
Article in Acta parasitologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThe fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a destructive invasive pest causing significant crop losses worldwide. This study evaluated the virulence of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema siamkayai and Heterorhabditis indica, against third-instar S. frugiperda larvae and investigated their compatibility with the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana under laboratory and pot conditions.
methodsVirulence of S. siamkayai and H. indica was assessed using different infective juvenile (IJ) concentrations (5-100 IJs larva
resultsBoth EPN species exhibited significant dose- and time-dependent virulence against S. frugiperda. S. siamkayai was consistently more virulent than H. indica, achieving 100% larval mortality at 30-40 IJs larva
conclusionSteinernema siamkayai demonstrated superior virulence and greater compatibility with entomopathogenic fungi than H. indica against S. frugiperda. Simultaneous application of EPN and EPF consistently maintained additive interactions under both laboratory and pot conditions, whereas sequential application adversely affected the performance of H. indica. These findings identify S. siamkayai, particularly in combination with M. anisopliae, as a promising microbial biocontrol strategy for the integrated management of fall armyworm.
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