Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42759983›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2026

Frailty of older patients is not reflected in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and treatment response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Asli Özkan, Marieke IJsselsteijn, Ziena Abdulrahman, Manon van der Ploeg, Ellen Kapiteijn, Marije Slingerland, Els M E Verdegaal, Marij J P Welters, Sjoerd H van der Burg, Johanneke E A Portielje and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Asli ÖzkanDepartment of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-9479
Marieke IJsselsteijnDepartment of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8195-736X
Ziena AbdulrahmanDepartment of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9079-0293
Manon van der PloegDepartment of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Ellen KapiteijnDepartment of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-6426
Marije SlingerlandDepartment of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Els M E VerdegaalDepartment of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-8707
Marij J P WeltersDepartment of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sjoerd H van der BurgDepartment of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Johanneke E A PortieljeDepartment of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Noel F C C de MirandaDepartment of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6122-1024
Nienke A de GlasDepartment of Medical Oncology, Helse Førde, Førde, Norway nini.aafke.de.glas@helse-forde.no.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Older adults with frailty demonstrate systemic immunosenescence, including T-cell exhaustion and reduced immune diversity, yet maintain immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy comparable to that of younger patients. Baseline immune cell composition in both the tumor microenvironment (TME) and peripheral blood has been linked to ICB response in melanoma. To address this paradox, we investigated whether frailty is associated with alterations in the TME immune composition in melanoma.We applied imaging mass cytometry with a 40-marker panel to comprehensively characterize the pretreatment immune TME in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 23 patients with melanoma, stratified by age, frailty status (as determined by the Clinical Frailty Scale), and clinical benefit from ICB. 33 immune cell phenotypes were identified and compared across patient groups.Frail patients exhibited significantly higher densities of CD4

Indexed as

FrailtyImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsMelanomaTumor MicroenvironmentAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsGeriatricImmune Checkpoint InhibitorTumor microenvironment - TME

Identifiers

PMID42759983
PMCPMC13599837

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.