Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42758825›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Omnidirectional bending sensor with three-fold structural symmetry enables decoupling of bending angle and direction.

Yanzhen Li, Zheren Cai, Yongli He, Zhihua Liu, Cong Wang, Jiaofu Li, Wenlong Li, Nuan Chen, Dong Wu, Huajian Gao and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yanzhen LiInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0005-6892-1644
Zheren CaiInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0232-8213
Yongli HeInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-5607-4194
Zhihua LiuInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-6712-7717
Cong WangInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-9593-7589
Jiaofu LiInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-1779-9448
Wenlong LiInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0729-0357
Nuan ChenInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-5631-0655
Dong WuInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0009-0977-2991
Huajian GaoMechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.ORCID 0000-0002-8656-846X
Xiaodong ChenInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3312-1664

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate shape sensing requires simultaneous quantification of bending angle (φ) and bending direction (θ). Yet existing bending sensors remain confined to uniaxial or discretized modes, relying on tedious, non-generalizable calibration procedures. Here, we present a snowflake-shaped omnidirectional bending sensor that achieves complete and linear decoupling of φ and θ through a three-fold rotationally symmetric arrangement of strain-sensitive resistors. By harnessing geometric symmetry as a physical prior, we establish a closed-form analytical model and signal projection framework that transform calibration from an empirical process into a simple, quantitative, universal procedure. The sensor is compatible with standard flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) fabrication on polyimide (PI) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, ensuring scalability and integration. We demonstrate real-time reconstruction of multidirectional surface deformation and in situ correction of ultrasound imaging artifacts during bending. This symmetry-guided approach redefines the design principles of deformation sensing, providing a general platform for dynamic shape reconstruction and opening avenues for self-adaptive and self-aware electronic systems.

Identifiers

PMID42758825
PMCPMC13588154

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.