Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42757317›Full record

ArticleGMS hygiene and infection control2026

The eye as a gateway to the brain: mechanisms of ocular neuroinvasion by parasitic pathogens.

Sona Bhardwaj, Sweety Kumari, Rijhul Lahariya, Mainak Sinha, Anand Kumar Das, Simmi Kishore, Gargee Anand, Saraj Kumar Singh

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in GMS hygiene and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sona BhardwajDepartment of Microbiology, ESIC Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India.
Sweety KumariDepartment of Ophthalmology, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Rijhul LahariyaAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Mainak SinhaDepartment of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Anand Kumar DasDepartment of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Simmi KishoreDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Gargee AnandDepartment of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.
Saraj Kumar SinghDepartment of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The central nervous system (CNS) is protected by specialized anatomical and immunological barriers that limit pathogen entry; however, several infectious agents have evolved mechanisms to circumvent these defenses. While hematogenous dissemination and peripheral nerve invasion are well-recognized routes of neuroinfection, the eye has received comparatively little attention as a potential gateway to the brain. Owing to its embryological origin from the neuroectoderm, direct anatomical continuity with the CNS through the optic nerve, specialized blood-retinal barrier, and immune-privileged environment, the eye represents a unique neuroimmune interface that may facilitate pathogen persistence and dissemination. Parasitic pathogens, including

Indexed as

blood-retinal barriercentral nervous system disseminationeye-brain axisocular neuroinvasionparasitic infections

Identifiers

PMID42757317
PMCPMC13585037

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.