Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42756531›Full record

ArticleMedical science educator2026

Where Are They Now? The University of Michigan Medical School Doctors of Tomorrow Pathway Program.

Rico Ozuna-Harrison, Brandon Lu, Diamond Buchanan, Naomi Parker, Kristian Bennett, Murshed Ahmed, Serena Bidwell, Darrell Tubbs, Julie Evans, Jonathan F Finks and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical science educator, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rico Ozuna-Harrison *Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Brandon Lu *Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6424-2197
Diamond BuchananDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Naomi ParkerDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Kristian BennettDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Murshed AhmedDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Serena BidwellDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Darrell TubbsDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Julie EvansDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
Jonathan F FinksDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7625-3472
Gurjit SandhuDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0258-7899

Funding

Michigan Medical Scientist Training Program 2025-2030T32GM156550 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Kathleen L. Collins · 2025 to 2026
$3.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM156550
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Pathway programs aim to increase diversity in medicine by providing exposure, opportunities, and mentorship for underrepresented minority (URiM) students. While many studies focus on undergraduate-level pathway programs, few examine high school students' career trajectories. Doctors of Tomorrow (DoT) is a high school pipeline program at the University of Michigan that partners with Detroit high schools. This study evaluates the outcomes of this program and the additional needs for achieving its goal of improving diversity in the medical workforce. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on DoT alumni from the classes of 2016 to 2021 to assess education and career trajectories. Quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed to compare demographic information, educational trajectories, career aspirations as well as common barriers and facilitators that participants encountered on their paths toward healthcare careers. Results: A survey of 75 DoT alumni (41% response rate) revealed that 98% attended college, 52% pursued pre-medicine tracks, and 57% aimed to become physicians. Key themes included awareness, preparedness, and social capital. Financial challenges and a lack of social support were key barriers. Mentorship and early exposure to healthcare facilitated persistence. Conclusions: DoT shows high college enrollment and interest in medical careers among alumni, but financial and social barriers persist. Despite the program's success, few alumni have entered medical school, highlighting the need for support systems such as sustained mentorship, financial assistance, and institutional guidance. Enhancing these types of support for students is crucial to improving URiM representation in medicine and ultimately health outcomes for underserved communities.

Indexed as

High schoolMatriculationMedical studentsPathwaysPipeline program

Identifiers

PMID42756531
PMCPMC13582741

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.