ArticleCureus2026
Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Disease Mortality Among Children in the Post-vaccine Era: Persistent Burden and Emerging Temporal Trends.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite remarkable reductions in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases following the introduction of routine childhood immunization, preventable childhood deaths continue to occur. This study evaluated temporal trends, disease-specific mortality patterns, and demographic disparities in childhood mortality due to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases over 25 years.
methodsA nationwide retrospective population-based study was conducted using mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death databases. Deaths among children younger than 18 years attributed to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases between 1999 and 2024 were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression, while negative binomial regression was used to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratios for demographic and geographic factors.
resultsA total of 5,520 deaths due to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases were identified, corresponding to an overall crude mortality rate of 0.29 per 100,000 children. Mortality declined initially but subsequently fluctuated without a sustained downward trend. Influenza accounted for 60.7% of all deaths and was the only disease demonstrating a significant increase in mortality over time. Significant declines were observed in pneumococcal disease mortality, meningococcal disease mortality, and infant mortality, whereas mortality among children aged five to nine years increased significantly. Negative binomial regression demonstrated significantly higher adjusted mortality rate ratios among American Indian or Alaska Native and Black or African American children compared with White children.
conclusionChildhood mortality due to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases remains an important public health concern despite substantial advances in immunization. Influenza emerged as the predominant and only disease with an increasing mortality trend, while persistent racial and geographic disparities highlight continuing inequities in disease burden. Strengthening routine and catch-up immunization programs, improving equitable access to vaccination, and maintaining robust surveillance are essential to further reduce preventable childhood deaths.
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