ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Development and external validation of a clinical-genetic risk identification model for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop and externally validate a clinical risk identification model for prevalent rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) using multicenter Chinese patient cohorts. We also evaluated the discriminative value of Methods: A multicenter, two-phase design was adopted. A total of 446 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from five medical centers were retrospectively enrolled in the discovery phase. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors associated with RA-ILD and to construct a clinical risk identification model. A total of 238 patients with RA from three medical centers were then prospectively recruited for the validation phase and genotyped for Results: In the discovery phase, smoking history (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, P = 0.045), elevated rheumatoid factor (RF) (OR = 1.10 per 10 IU/mL, P = 0.037), a higher 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) (OR = 1.20, P = 0.023), elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) (OR = 3.70, P = 0.002), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR = 1.13 per 10 U L, P < 0.001), and disease duration of ≥ 24 months (OR = 1.73, P = 0.029) were identified as independent risk factors for RA-ILD. Our clinical risk identification model yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.785 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.83). In the prospective validation cohort, we identified a novel association between Conclusions: This multicenter study validated a clinical risk identification model for RA-ILD. We identified a novel association between
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