ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Genomic epidemiology of
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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16 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 250 Results: Extensive serotype diversity was observed, comprising 51 capsular serotypes with predominance of Serotype 3 (n=33), followed by serotypes 11A (n=15), 8 (n=12), 23B (n=12), 35B (n=11), and 9N (n=11). The isolates were assigned to 61 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs), with four dominant lineages (GPSC10, GPSC12, GPSC6, and GPSC3) accounting for 28.8% of isolates. GPSC10 (n=27) was the predominant lineage and was mainly associated with serogroup 15 (15B/15C), with all isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance. PCV13 serotypes accounted for 29.2% of isolates, increasing to 50.0% and 65.2% for PCV20 and PCV21, respectively. Five sequence types were associated with two distinct serotypes, consistent with putative capsule-switching events and recombination evidence was identified in one lineage. Conclusion: Pneumococcal populations in the Arabian Gulf are dominated by globally distributed lineages with substantial serotype diversity. Evidence of capsular switching underscores the limitations of serotype-based surveillance, supporting integration of lineage-resolved genomic surveillance to inform PCV strategies in highly connected regions.
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