ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
The impact of maternal hepatitis B virus infection on IVF/ICSI-assisted pregnancy outcomes: a propensity score-matched cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent among women of reproductive age in China, yet whether maternal HBV carrier status affects the outcomes of assisted reproduction remains unclear. Published studies have yielded conflicting results, most were underpowered or inadequately controlled for confounders, and few have tracked outcomes beyond early pregnancy. This study used propensity score matching to evaluate the impact of maternal HBV infection on laboratory, clinical pregnancy, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes in women undergoing their first fresh IVF/ICSI embryo transfer cycle. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data of 3,455 cycles involving couples who underwent fresh IVF/ICSI embryo transfer for the first time at the Reproductive Center of Fujian Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Patients were divided into the HBV group ( Results: After propensity score matching, baseline characteristics were well balanced. No significant differences were observed in oocyte maturation rate (52.84% vs. 52.38%), normal fertilization rate (81.73% vs. 82.01%), high-quality embryo rate (57.82% vs. 58.66%), blastocyst formation rate (63.49% vs. 64.45%), implantation rate (30.99% vs. 32.76%), clinical pregnancy rate (44.44% vs. 45.43%), multiple pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate (12.78% vs. 9.24%), stillbirth rate (1.39% vs. 1.09%), ectopic pregnancy rate, or live birth rate (32.59% vs. 32.96%) (all Conclusions: In this propensity score-matched cohort, maternal HBV infection was not associated with impaired laboratory, clinical pregnancy, or live birth outcomes following IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer. Apart from an increased preterm birth rate, no significant differences were observed in obstetric complications or neonatal outcomes. The association with preterm birth warrants further investigation in prospective studies incorporating detailed virologic data.
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