ArticleFrontiers in neurology2026
Risk factors for poor physical and psychological outcomes after traumatic brachial plexus injury: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) is associated with upper limb dysfunction, neuropathic pain (NP), and depressive symptoms, but factors linked to these outcomes remain insufficiently defined. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 327 surgical patients with BPI from 19 regional hospitals. Clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Follow-up was performed through outpatient visits. Upper limb recovery was evaluated with the Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle strength scale, NP with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and depressive symptoms with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression was performed using SPSS. Model fit was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Among 327 patients with unilateral BPI, 259 were male, and the mean age was 34.31 years. Traffic accidents (51.07%) were the main injury mechanism. Most injuries were closed (81.65%), and 81.04% patients had concomitant injuries, most frequently humeral fractures (36.70%). The most common injury pattern was C5-C6 (27.22%). Surgery was performed within 3 months in 195 patients. Over a mean follow-up of 45.78 months, 216 patients achieved muscle strength of M3 or higher. Independent risk factors for poor functional recovery included total BPI (OR = 4.62), surgical delay >6 months (OR = 4.41), and neurotization surgery (OR = 4.38). NP occurred in 189 patients; the main risk factors were surgical delay >6 months (OR = 6.76) and total BPI (OR = 6.22). Depressive symptoms were present in 192 patients; leading risk factors included motorcycle accident (OR = 6.18) and surgical delay >6 months (OR = 3.42). All models showed acceptable calibration and discrimination (AUC ≥ 0.76). Conclusion: Total BPI, root avulsion, and surgical delay beyond 6 months were significantly associated with adverse physical and psychological outcomes. Timely surgery and multidisciplinary care, including nerve repair, pain control, and psychological support, may improve recovery in high-risk patients with BPI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.