SynthesisThe Pan African medical journal2026
The global burden of climate-sensitive health impacts: a systematic review of mortality, morbidity, and economic costs.
Synthesis in The Pan African medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Rising greenhouse gas emissions are intensifying heatwaves, wildfires, extreme rainfall, and sea-level rise, reshaping global health outcomes. However, the full multisystem burden remains insufficiently synthesized. This systematic review quantifies global climate-sensitive health impacts, identifies vulnerable populations, and evaluates adaptation strategies. We searched seven databases and grey literature (2000-2025), including studies linking climate exposures to health outcomes. Dual screening, risk-of-bias assessment (ROBINS-I, ROB 2), meta-analysis, meta-regression, and GRADE certainty grading were applied. Sixty-five studies were included. Non-optimal temperatures were associated with 5.08 million annual deaths (2000-2019). Heat increased all-cause mortality by 3.3% per 1°C above local optimum, while compound heat-ozone events increased cardiovascular mortality by 5.7%. Wildfire smoke contributed to ~339,000 premature deaths annually and a 6% increase in myocardial infarction admissions per 10 µg/m
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