ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Fractal analysis of peri-implant trabecular bone complexity following transcrestal sinus floor elevation: a retrospective radiographic study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: This retrospective radiographic study aimed to evaluate time- and region-dependent changes in peri-implant trabecular bone structural complexity using fractal dimension analysis after transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE) with 3, 4, or 5 mm sinus membrane elevation. Methods: A total of 45 dental implants placed simultaneously with TSFE in 35 patients were categorized into three groups according to sinus membrane elevation height (3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm). Fractal dimension analysis was performed using ImageJ software on panoramic radiographs obtained at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, in the apical, mesial, and distal peri-implant regions. Results: No statistically significant difference was found among the 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm groups in fractal dimension changes from baseline to 6 or 12 months postoperatively ( Conclusion: No statistically significant between-group differences in peri-implant trabecular bone structural complexity were detected among the 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm TSFE groups over 12 months. These preliminary findings do not establish equivalence and require prospective confirmation; the transient distal change in the 3 mm group should be interpreted cautiously as a region-specific, hypothesis-generating observation.
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