ArticleCancer cell international2026
Enhanced survival through repeated photodynamic therapy and almost complete tumor regression by prior radiation therapy in an orthotopic rat bladder cancer model.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe development of new organ-preserving treatment alternatives is still an important issue in bladder cancer (BCa) research. A combination of minimally-invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT) with ionizing radiation (IR) could be beneficial for bladder tumor regression. Here, we tested the hypothesis that PDT with the near-infrared photosensitizer tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS) could treat bladder tumors safely and effectively in an orthotopic rat model. MATERIALS AND
methodsResponse additivity analysis of cytotoxicity was investigated in cultured tumor cells (AY-27) and spheroids consisting of AY-27 and bladder fibroblasts of F344 Fischer rats. For in vivo evaluation, tumors were induced in female Fischer rats by intravesical instillation of AY-27 cells. Triple-time treatments were performed, with ten rats each in four treatment groups: untreated controls (UTC), PDT, IR, PDT with prior IR (IR + PDT). Animals were euthanized when reaching the termination criteria, and bladders were evaluated by macroscopy, histology and CD45 immunohistology.
resultsSynergism of combined treatment was demonstrated for all tested THPTS concentrations in AY-27/fibroblast spheroids but not in 2D cultured AY-27 cells. Tumor cell inoculation resulted in massive growth of solid bladder tumors (pT3a/b) in UTC. Triple-time treatment led to doubling of survival in the PDT group (mOS: 70 d) compared to UTC group (mOS: 36.5 d). IR monotherapy and IR + PDT resulted in complete survival without reaching the termination criteria. Histology revealed advantage of combination therapy vs. IR monotherapy by demonstrating treatment responses in all tumors of the IR + PDT group.
conclusionThis is the first in vivo study reporting doubling of survival time after PDT with a new near-infrared photosensitizer, and nearly complete tumor remission by neoadjuvant IR. This multimodal approach possibly allows minmally-invasive, organ-preserving BCa treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.